we use population pyramids to analyze the growth or fertile, mortality, and migration in cities or countries. Males are always on the left side of the pyramids and females are always on the right. the populations are in 5 year bands so from 0-4, 5-9, 10-14 ETC. There are 3 basic shapes to these graphs

The X-Mas Tree, developing nation
- growth rates are slow
- birth rates are high
- short life expectancy

The Box, developed nation (slow growth)
- low infant mortality rate
- slow population growth
- long life expectancy

The Cup, developed nation (negative growth)
- Slow birth rate
- shrinking population
- long life expectancy

     Today in class we didn't do anything. We talked about our grades and checked if we made any mistakes on our blogs. We also went over all of the confusion amongst our class' grades. My grade is a D due to incomplete blogs and the blogs were not long enough. I made sure I was caught up on everything and I would say that im pretty glad we went over the blogs because it opened my eyes a little bit. It made me realize I need to complete every blog to its full entirety. I’m glad we got to talk about our class grades, and I’m glad we got to go over semester exams. I was kind of stressed about the semester exams but now that we went over them I’m not as stressed/scared about them. I will make sure that I complete all my blogs and I will make sure that I get good grades on my test.

5 facts

-Religion of the United States 1.) 
Protestant 46.5%, Roman Catholic 20.8%, Jewish 1.9%, Mormon 1.6%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 0.9%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%, unaffiliated 22.8%, don't know/refused 0.6% 
The United States has one of the most diverse populations when it comes to a religious meaning so it gives off a good amount of religious freedom.

-Israel Terrorism 2.)
Israel has two terrorist groups which leads to emigration of this country.
Emigration and immigration can affect a countries population.

Population 3.) 

Population of the United Kingdom; 65,648,100

Obesity in Nauru and the United States 4.) 

61% of Nauru's population is Obese, surprisingly the United States is ranked 12th in the world with 36.20% of the population being Obese.

Dominant sex 5.)

The dominant sex in Brazil is male.

    I found each of these facts interesting because a lot of these facts play a big factor in migration, and population. I found it surprising that the United States is 22.8% unaffiliated with a religion meaning they're Atheist. The second fact relates to population because Israels terrorist groups cause mass murder to their population/country causing there population to decrease. The third fact just relates to the general population of the United Kingdom. This fact surprised me because I expected the United Kingdoms population to be way higher due to them being a developed, stable country. Obesity in Nauru, and the United States also surprised me because I thought the United State had a high obesity rate but Nauru makes our obesity rate look small. I thought the United States had an extremely high Obesity rate which is pretty dangerous. Obesity kills lots of people which can cause the population to decrease. The last fact suprised me because most countries are dominant female instead of male. Being dominant in one gender could cause migration if countries are very sexist and hostile toward a certain gender. For example some Muslim countries are sexist towards women and do not let them get an education so they might migrate to the U.S. for education/better life.

• - Net Migration Rate: the difference between the number of person's entering and leaving a country during a year

     - an excess of persons/people entering the country is net immigration

• written as a positive number (not a negative number)
• example: Canada has 5.65 migrants per 1,000 population U.S. has 2.45 ( 3.62 in 2015)

     - an excess of persons leaving the country is net emigrant

• written as a negative number
• example: Mexico has -1.68 migrants per 1,000 population
•  -3.61 two years ago, -3.11 last year

Life expectancy

• the average numbers of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year
• High: Monaco- (89.52 total: 85.63 men, 93.58 women
• #42 : U.S. - (79.68 total: 77.32 men, 81.97 women)
• Low: Chad- (49.81 total: 48.64 men, 51.03 women)
• crude birth rate: number of births per 1,000 of the population
• crude death rate: number of deaths per 1,000 of the population
• rate of natural increase (RNI)
• produced by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate 
• this gives us the annual natural growth rate- in percentage form- for a country or region

Don't forget about migration

Net migration Rate: the difference between number of person's entering and leaving a country during a span of 1 year

       - Excess of persons entering the country is the net immigration

More people than ever
- Over 7.5b people on the planet right now
- Increasing by over 73m per year
- by 200k per day (approx.)
- 8377 per hour
- 149 per minute
- 2.5 per seconds
- 90% of this population growth takes place in the developing countries of Africa, South and East Asia, and Latin America

World Population
* 3 things when determining a population of a place
- Deaths
- Births
- Immigration/emigration 

Population by the billions

(The chart of population by billions in terms of the years and how many years it took to get to the certain population)

     Today in class we did our unit test. The test was pretty easy but there was some hard questions mixed in there. I was not to happy with the result I received due to how long I studied and I still didn’t get a good grade. Next time we have a test I need to make sure I remember the key vocabulary. I feel that if I would have studied the vocabulary more I would have had a better result on the test. I got the vocabulary words mixed up with other words causing me to get a few questions wrong that Boulder have been wrong. Other than my test grade I really enjoyed my day, I did a make up day in Health, and I got good grades on all my other test’s and quizzes. I am looking forward to next week because I might get a couple shadows which is always fun.

        Today in class we talked about the different types of religions practiced that make a certain point on Earth unique. First we talked about Islamic countries only being able to practice Islam and how there laws come straight out of the Quran while in the U.S. you can practice any religion but we have state laws and church laws. In the U.S we follow church laws which would be like the Ten Commandments but we still have to follow the laws put in place by the government. Even though we have church laws and state laws, the laws of the constitution branch off of the Ten Commandments like, “Thou shall not kill.” After we talked about the different religious laws and practices our class got off topic, we started talking about the different types of murder and how you could get charged with those different types of murder. I found it really interesting how you can get charged with murder so quickly. It mad me realize that you have to be really careful with everything you do because it could cost someone there life like drinking and driving. Overall, class today was very interesting.

10/15

Ancient Cartography

• Eratosthenes is known for being the first to measure the circumference of Earth
• Eratosthenes was also known for inventing an easy system to find out prime numbers
• Lastly Eratosthenes was know for figuring out the Summer Solstice 

Time Zones

• 7:00 am
• 3:00 pm
• 10:00 am
• 3:00 am

Locations and place names 

• Potomac MD, Lake Placid NY, Niagara Falls, Bryce Canyon UT, Thunder Bay ON
• Ohio, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Idaho, Illinois
• Kansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Lincoln NE
• St. Augustine FL, Ava Maria FL, San Antonio TX, St. Louis MO, St. Paul MN

Latitude and longitude 

• 39.2 N, 76.6 W
• 0.1 S, 78.4 W
• 16.8 S, 179.9 W
• 43.5 S, 172.6 E
• 58.3 N, 134.4 W

Antipodes

• The point found on the surface of Earth which is diametrically opposite to it

Antipode for following locations

• Departamento Conesa Argentina,
• Indian Ocean
• Indian Ocean

I will not be in class today due to a soccer game

Not in school due to sickness

10/3/18

        Today in class we learned about location. Location can be identified in three ways, a places names, site, and situation.

 Places names:

- a toponym is a name given to a place on Earth

- places names derived from religious affiliation, prominence, physics;l features, and origins of its settlers

Site:

- site is the physical characteristics of a place on Earth

- characteristics of site include climate, water source, topography, soil, elevation, and latitude

 

Situation:

- site is the physical characteristics of a place

- region

- area on Earth defined by 1 or more characteristics is considered region

- mostly defined at 2 scales

-Spanning political states

-Constrained within 1 political state

derives its unified characteristics through the cultural/religious landscape: Cultural landscape is the combo of cultural, religious, and physical landscape.

Test

Michael Proctor

10/2/18

  Today in class we discussed our test grades. Overall I was a little unhappy with my grade because I forgot that we had a test coming up so I didn't study at all. Even though I got a bad grade, I will be sure to study and learn from the mistakes I have made. The test was overall easy but the questions about Socrates really threw me off. I aced the multiple choice but once I got to the Socrates writing problems I forgot it all. Next time we have a test I need to practice my test taking skills. Whenever we are about to have a test I get really nervous and it starts to throw me off so I need to work on staying calm, cool, and collective. I might have got a bad grade on this test but we have many more ahead of us. Now I know to study more, and make sure I stay calm before a test.

GPS/Technology

Contemporary Tools
GPS- Global Positioning System
- A GPS accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth

A GPS includes three elements

- Satellites in predetermined orbits
- Tracking stations (They control Satellites)
- Receiver which locates 4 Satellites at the least

Applications

- Turn by turn directions in in vehicles
- Navigational aid to pilots
- Smart phones provide location for social media apps

Unique points on Earth

- A place is a specific point on Earth distinguished by particular characteristics
- Features of Earth requires geographers to distinguish similarities and differences across Earth
- Geographers describe a place on Earth by identifying its location, the position that something occupies.